2% yokha ya anthu aku Malawi anali ndi magetsi mu 2002, ndipo mnyamata wazaka 14 anatumizidwa kunyumba kuchokera kusukulu ndalama zokwana $80 anamanga nsanja ya mamita 5 kuchokera ku mitengo ya blue gum, njinga yosweka ndi fani ya thirakitala — dynamo inayatsa mababu anayi ndi mawayilesi awiri, ndipo mudzi womwe unaseka unayima pamzere kuti upeze mafoni ochajidwa 27 OGASI 2026

 

IYI ndi imodzi mwa nkhani zabwino zomwe sizimafalitsidwa kawirikawiri kotero ndikusangalala kugawana izi pano. Pali maulalo a nkhani zina, zabwino ndi zoyipa, kuchokera ku Science Blog kumapeto kwa positi iyi.....

Mu 2002, 2% yokha ya anthu aku Malawi anali ndi magetsi, ndipo wachinyamata wazaka 14 anatumizidwa kunyumba kuchokera kusukulu ndalama zokwana $80 zomwe anamanga nsanja ya mamita 5 kuchokera ku mitengo ya blue gum, njinga yosweka ndi fani ya thirakitala — dynamo inayatsa mababu anayi ndi mawayilesi awiri, ndipo mudzi womwe unaseka unayima pamzere kuti upeze magetsi a mafoni.

Wachinyamata amene anachotsedwa ntchito chifukwa cha ndalama zomwe sanalipire anatola zitsulo ndi zida za njinga kuti amange mphero ya mphepo yomwe inasintha mudzi wake—ndipo inatsimikizira kuti luso limakula pamene chuma sichikula.

Ndi  Brendan Brown

Yofalitsidwa Ogasiti 27, 2026 ·  Momwe timasinthira

Njala inayamba. Mu 2001 mvula inagwa ku Malawi konse, chimanga chinatha, ndipo pofika chaka chotsatira mabanja a m'mudzi wa Wimbe anali kukhala ndi chakudya chimodzi patsiku, kenako chochepa. Pakati pawo panali a Kamkwamba, alimi a fodya okhala ndi ana asanu ndi awiri, ndipo chaka cha sukulu chitafika, ndalama zokwana $80 za mwana wawo wamwamuna yekhayo, William, zinali ndalama zomwe sizinalipo.

Choncho, ali ndi zaka 14, William Kamkwamba anatumizidwa kunyumba kuchokera ku sukulu ya sekondale patatha milungu ingapo. M'dziko lomwe, panthawiyo, pafupifupi 2 peresenti yokha ya anthu anali ndi magetsi, ndipo ochepa kuposa amenewo m'madera akumidzi ngati ake, mnyamata wa m'munda wopanda sukulu anali ndi tsogolo lodziwikiratu, ndipo linkagwiritsa ntchito mafuta a palafini, kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi ntchito zamanja.

Chomwe chinamupulumutsa chinali laibulale yaing'ono ya mudzi yomwe inali ndi pulogalamu yothandizira, komanso buku limodzi m'menemo.

Buku lokhala ndi makina oyendera mphepo

Popeza sankatha kupezeka m'makalasi, William anapitirizabe kuphunzira mobisa, kubwereka mabuku ku laibulale yomwe inali pafupi ndi sukulu yake yakale ya pulayimale. Ambiri anali m'Chingelezi, chomwe sankachiwerenga bwino kwenikweni, kotero anaphunzira ma graph. Buku lina lolembedwa ku America lotchedwa Using Energy, linali ndi zithunzi za ma turbine amphepo pachikuto chake, nsanja zokhala ndi masamba ozungulira, ndipo mawuwo anafotokoza kuti amatha kupopa madzi ndikupanga magetsi.

Kwa banja la alimi omwe anali ndi njala, chiganizo chimenecho sichinali chongoganizira chabe. Kuwala kwa magetsi kunatanthauza kuphunzira mdima utatha. Pampu imatanthauza mbewu yachiwiri ya chimanga nthawi yachilimwe, komanso kutha kwa njala ngati njuga ya pachaka. Pambuyo pake William anawerengera mophweka kwambiri: ndi mphero ya mphepo, potsiriza akanatha kumasulidwa ku mavuto a mdima, komanso njala. Malawi inali ndi mphepo yambiri. Bukulo linati makinawo anali otheka. Anaganiza zomanga imodzi kuchokera ku chilichonse chomwe mudziwo ukanatha kupereka.

Fiziki ya junkyard

Mndandanda wa zinthu zomwe zinalipo unali ngati kusaka anthu osauka m'midzi. Kuchokera ku malo osungira zinthu omwe anali moyang'anizana ndi sukulu yake yakale, anakoka njinga yosweka yokhala ndi gudumu limodzi, fani yoziziritsira thirakitala yozizidwa, ndi choziziritsira kugunda kwa mtima chakale. Anasungunula mapaipi apulasitiki pamoto ndi kuwapukuta kukhala masamba kuti afikire fani, akuboola mabowo ndi msomali wotenthedwa m'makala. Makina a abambo ake ophera chimanga anasiya kugwira ntchito; zipewa za mabotolo zinakhala zotsukira; ndipo atatha miyezi yambiri akusunga ndalama ndi thandizo kuchokera kwa mnzake, adapeza chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, njinga yamagetsi, jenereta yaying'ono yooneka ngati botolo yomwe imakhudza gudumu kuti igwire nyali yamutu.

Malingaliro a kapangidwe kake anali ongopeka potengera mfundo ya phokoso. Mphepo imatembenuza masamba, masamba amatembenuza gudumu la njinga, unyolo ndi sprocket ya gudumu zimazungulira dynamo mwachangu mokwanira kuti zipange mphamvu yothandiza. Ndi msuweni wake ndi mnzake adakweza nsanja ya mitengo yabuluu ya gum, kutalika pafupifupi mamita asanu, yolumikizidwa pamodzi, ndikukoka makinawo pamwamba.

Mudziwo unayang'ana zonsezi monyoza. Anansi, ndipo nthawi zina amayi ake, ankaganiza kuti mnyamatayo akukoka zinyalala mumzinda wasokonezeka maganizo; mawu omwe ankamutsatira kuzungulira Wimbe anali amisala, openga. Khamu la anthu angapo linasonkhana pansi pa nsanjayo chifukwa cha zomwe ambiri ankayembekezera kuti zichitika poyera.

William analumikiza mawayawo ndi babu laling'ono. Mphepo inayamba kuuluka, masamba ake anazungulira, ndipo babuyo inayamba kung'anima, kenako inayaka pang'onopang'ono m'manja mwake.

Mzere wa anthu m'nyumba ya mnyamata wamisala

Makinawo anagwira ntchito, kenako anapitiliza kugwira ntchito. Atalowa m'nyumba ya banja, makina opumira mphepo ankagwiritsa ntchito mababu anayi a magetsi ndi mawayilesi awiri, ndipo William anawonjezera batire ya galimoto kuti asunge magetsi masiku a bata, kuphatikizapo maswichi a magetsi opangidwa kunyumba ndi choyatsira magetsi chopangidwa ndi misomali, waya wa maginito ndi rabara wosungunuka. Banja lomwe silinali ndi ndalama zolipirira sukulu tsopano linali ndi magetsi okhawo omwe anali kutali kwambiri.

Kusekako kunasanduka mzere nthawi yomweyo. Anansi omwe ankamunena kuti ndi wamisala anayamba kuima pamzere pa nyumbayo kuti adzalipiritse mafoni, omwe anali kufalikira m'madera akumidzi ku Malawi zaka zambiri asanafike gridi yamagetsi. William, mwachibadwa, adayankha pempholi mwa kukonza: nsanja zazitali, masamba abwino, makina ambiri, kuphatikizapo mphero ya mphepo yopangira madzi othirira, maloto oyamba omwe adayamba ndi nyengo yanjala.

Kuchokera ku Wimbe kupita kulikonse

Kwa zaka zisanu, makina oyendera mphepo anali nthano chabe yakomweko. Kenako kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2006, nyuzipepala ya ku Malawi inalemba nkhani ya mnyamata wa mainjiniya wa Wimbe, wolemba nkhani anawona nkhaniyi, ndipo intaneti inachita zonse. William anaitanidwa ku msonkhano wa TED ku Tanzania mu 2007, komwe anafotokoza nkhaniyi poyimitsa Chingerezi mpaka kuimirira, ndipo maphunziro omwe $80 adasokoneza adayambiranso padziko lonse lapansi: African Leadership Academy ku Johannesburg, kenako Dartmouth College ku United States, kalasi ya 2014.

Buku lake la mbiri yakale, The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind, linagulitsidwa kwambiri ndipo mu 2019, linakhala filimu ya Netflix yotsogozedwa ndi Chiwetel Ejiofor. William wakhala zaka zambiri kuyambira pamenepo pa vuto lomwe adayamba nalo, akugwira ntchito pamapulojekiti omwe amaphunzitsa achinyamata aku Africa kupanga mayankho awoawo ndi zomwe zilipo.

Masamu oyambilira a makina oyendera mphepo akadali gawo lofunikira kwambiri m'nkhaniyi. Kusiyana pakati pa wachinyamata wanzeru ndi mainjiniya kunapezeka kuti kunali buku limodzi la laibulale ndi malo osungira zinthu zakale. Mtengo wa makina olipirira unali $80, mphepo inabwera kwaulere, ndipo mudzi womwe unaseka unayima pamzere kuti ugwire ntchito.

Miyezo

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