Early in the 2014
campaign season, religion has played an important role in the Arkansas Senate race. Incumbent Mark Pryor, a Democrat,
released an ad recently about how the Bible guides him.
Interestingly, when the National Republican Senatorial Committee
attacked Pryor on the issue, challenger Rep. Tom Cotton’s office went against fellow Republicans to
stand with Pryor.
But that’s not where the debate about Pryor’s faith ends. It circles back to his November
vote in favor of
the Employment Non-Discrimination Act, a bill that would prevent
workplace discrimination based on sexuality and gender identity. It
passed in the Senate but hasn’t been taken up by the House.
While the bill’s status is in flux, the debate among lawmakers, advocacy groups and religious leaders continues.
The Traditional Values Coalition, a religious activist group,
criticized Pryor for his ENDA vote. Andrea Lafferty, the coalition’s
president, highlighted a perceived contradiction of Pryor’s religious
beliefs in a Dec. 6 mass fundraising email.
"There's a reason why Pryor is attempting to run as a Christian in
Arkansas," she said. "It's because Pryor has voted for the Employment
Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA) in Washington, a bill that discriminates
against Christian daycare, Christian parents, Christian business owners,
and the rights of religious freedom."
PolitiFact wanted to take a closer look at how religious organizations would fare if the bill becomes law.
American Christianity and LGBT rights
Before we take a look at the bill, let’s contextualize the
coalition’s claim in the broader context of American Christianity. It’s
important to note that within Christianity, gay rights is a divisive and
complex issue.
The Traditional Values Coalition’s ENDA disapproval is
shared by other Christian groups, like the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops. They expressed their view in an Oct. 31 press release:
"The USCCB continues to promote the dignity of both work and marriage
and to oppose unjust discrimination on any grounds, including those
related to homosexual inclination or sexual identity. But we cannot
support a bill, like ENDA, that does not justly advance the dignity of
all workers and authentic non-discrimination."
At the same time, groups like ReconcilingWorks, a Lutheran group that welcomes gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender
(LGBT) members, support ENDA’s passage.
"ReconcilingWorks: Lutherans for Full Participation believes that all
hardworking people — including lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender
people — should have a fair chance to earn a living and provide for
their families without fear of being fired for reasons that have nothing
to do with their job performance," spokesman Tim Fisher said. "We
strongly support the passage of ENDA."
As the gay rights movement gains more traction, some Christians have changed their perspectives.
"Most American Christians do not want a gay pastor overseeing their
church, and that is not likely to change soon," said Kate Bowler, an
American Christianity professor at Duke University. "However, we are
seeing thawing numbers of those who agreed that gay people should be
allowed same-sex unions."
The basics
The ENDA bill would prohibit private-sector employers and government
employers on the local, state and federal levels from discriminating
against employees based on sexual orientation and gender identity. That
protects people who identify as gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender.
Under the law, employers can’t fire or refuse to hire people based on
actual or perceived sexuality and gender identity (which need not align
with a person’s biological identity).
Churches and other institutions with religious purposes (like schools
and daycares) are exempt from the ENDA rules, just as they are from the
religious discrimination portion of the
Civil Rights Act of 1964’s Title VII.
Under Title VII, and therefore under ENDA, religious organizations,
which need not be church-run, would be exempt. Additionally, all
businesses with fewer than 15 employees are exempt, whether they’re
religious or not.
Nelson Tebbe, a professor at Brooklyn Law School who specializes in
religious liberty, said ENDA’s religious exemption exceeds Title VII’s.
"It’s broader because the religious exemption in Title VII only
allows religious organizations to discriminate on the basis of
religion," he said. But it doesn’t allow religious groups to
discriminate based on factors like an employee’s gender or race.
So by permitting religious organizations to discriminate on the basis
of sexual orientation and gender identity, ENDA allows them more
flexibility than Title VII.
Let’s break down the Traditional Values Coalition claim to see how each mention would be treated if ENDA becomes law:
-
Daycare: "If it were a secular daycare that just happened to be
owned by a religious individual with a conviction that prohibited them
from hiring LGBT folk, then the exemption would not apply," Tebbe said.
He added that nonprofit daycares with religious affiliations would be
exempt.
-
Parents: "There is nothing in ENDA that would require parents to
alter their beliefs or what they teach their children about religion,
homosexuality, marriage equality, et cetera," said Ian Thompson, an
American Civil Liberties Union representative for LGBT issues.
-
Business owners: For-profit companies with 15 employees or more
would need to abide by ENDA, said Dena Sher, an ACLU religious liberty
counsel. But Christian nonprofits and Christian (or any other)
businesses with fewer than 15 employees would be exempt. Tebbe also
noted that religious organizations who don’t hire LGBT people are
protected under ENDA.
-
Rights of religious freedom: "Not only does the Constitution protect
religious freedom broadly, but existing federal discrimination law
already prohibits discrimination on the basis of religion," Thompson
said.
The Traditional Values Coalition doesn’t believe that these religious exemptions are broad enough.
"ENDA would not cover any secular companies and organizations that
are run by committed Christians," said Harry Mihet, a Liberty Counsel
lawyer the coalition referred us to.
Mihet is correct. But as far as discrimination goes, in the bill’s
full text,
there’s no reference to Christianity, or to any other individual
religion, for that matter. All religions are treated the same and can
legally invoke the same exemption. And Christianity isn’t the only
religion that has historically grappled with acceptance of sexuality and
gender identity issues.
Merriam-Webster
defines discrimination
as "the practice of unfairly treating a person or group of people
differently from other people or groups of people." To say that the law
discriminates against Christians
doesn’t fit based on our experts’ interpretation of the bill
and the inclusion of an overall religious exemption that applies to any religion, not just Christians.
"If you had some exemption that wasn’t available to Christians, that
would be discrimination," said Doug Laycock, a law and religious studies
professor at the University of Virginia. "The only way they’re treated
differently is they get an exemption."
Our ruling
The Traditional Values Coalition said ENDA discriminates "against
Christian daycare, Christian parents, Christian business owners, and the
rights of religious freedom."
The bill’s religious exemption indicates that churches, church-run
initiatives and other religious businesses need not comply by employing
people of all sexualities and gender identities. And there’s no special
negative treatment for Christians. Businesses of any religion could
qualify for the exemption. Individuals of any faith who oppose sexuality
would have to abide by the law, so no religion is singled out.
We can understand why religious conservatives may take issue with
this bill. However, the rhetoric in the email is too broad and
overstated, and claims to speak for all Christians.
We rate this claim False.
About this statement:
Published: Monday, December 16th, 2013 at 3:02 p.m.
Subjects: Gays and Lesbians,
Religion,
Workers
Sources:
Email interview with Kate Bowler, Duke Divinity School history of American Christianity professor, Dec. 12, 2013
Email interview with Ross Murray, GLAAD spokesman, Dec. 10, 2013
Email interview with Tim Fisher, ReconcilingWorks spokesman, Dec. 12, 2013
Freedom to Work, "
ENDA’s religious exemption," accessed Dec. 10, 2013
Human Rights Campaign, "
Employment Non-Discrimination Act," Nov. 7, 2013
Mark Pryor, "
North Star," Dec. 4, 2013
Merriam-Webster, "
discrimination," accessed Dec. 16, 2013
National Republican Senatorial Committee, "
Mark Pryor vs. Mark Pryor on the Bible," Dec. 4, 2013
New York Times, "
Senate vote 232 -- approves ban on antigay bias in the workplace," Nov. 7, 2013
Phone interview with Andrea Lafferty, Traditional Values Coalition president, Dec. 10, 2013
Phone interview with David Codell, University of California Los
Angeles School of Law, Williams Institute visiting legal director, Dec.
11, 2013
Phone interview with Dena Sher, ACLU legal counsel, Dec. 11, 2013
Phone and email interviews with Doug Laycock, University of Virginia professor of law and religious studies, Dec. 11, 2013
Phone interview with Erik Dorey, Mark Pryor campaign spokesman, Dec. 11, 2013
Phone interview with Harry Mihet, Liberty Counsel senior litigation counsel, Dec. 10, 2013
Phone interview with Ian Thompson, ACLU legislative representative, Dec. 11, 2013
Phone interview with Nelson Tebbe, Brooklyn Law School professor, Dec. 13, 2013
Politico, "
Tom Cotton blasts NRSC attack on Mark Pryor," Dec. 5, 2013
Public Religion Research Institute, "
Majorities of all religious groups support ENDA," Nov. 6, 2013
Traditional Values Coalition Education and Legal Institute, "
The ENDA common sense," July 10, 2013
United States Conference of Catholic Bishops,
letter regarding ENDA, Oct. 31, 2013
U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, "
Questions and answers: religious discrimination in the workplace," Jan. 31, 2011
U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, "
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964," accessed Dec. 10, 2013
U.S. Government Printing Office, "
S. 815," Nov. 12, 2013
Wall Street Journal, "
Religious exemptions at center of ENDA debate," Nov. 1, 2013
Washington Post, "
Most Republicans, evangelicals support ENDA," Nov. 5, 2013
Washington Post, "
The last remaining obstacle for ENDA: religious liberty?" Oct. 31, 2013
Written by: Julie Kliegman
Researched by: Julie Kliegman
Edited by: Angie Drobnic Holanhttp://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2013/dec/16/traditional-values-coalition/religious-activist-group-says-enda-would-discrimin/
