Nate Silver is the founder and editor in chief of FiveThirtyEight.
With the election just a day away, FiveThirtyEight is projecting
Democrats and independents to gain a net of three governorships. But an
unusual number of races are quite competitive; in nine states, the
trailing candidate has at least a 20 percent chance of winning,
according to the FiveThirtyEight forecasts. Five races are 61-39 or
closer — compared to just one such race in our
Senate forecast.

Let’s look at some of the closer races. We’ll go by region, from
north to south and from east to west. The forecasts are based on polls
through Sunday night; we’ll capture any polls released Monday in an
update Tuesday.
New England
The
Maine race revolves around two-and-a-half
candidates. Independent Eliot Cutler, who has been lagging in the polls,
told his supporters they
could back another candidate if they choose. He stopped
airing some of his ads, and one of Cutler’s big supporters, independent Sen. Angus King, is
now backing Democrat Mike Michaud.
You might think Cutler’s decision would sink Republican Gov. Paul
LePage’s re-election. LePage snuck by four years ago when liberals split
their vote between Cutler and Democrat Libby Mitchell. The result has
been something of a mismatch: a conservative Republican in
blue Maine. The state has elected Republicans before —
for years both its senators were Republicans, and one still is — but typically it elects moderates. LePage is
much more conservative than Maine’s Republican
Sen. Susan Collins, for instance, according to
OnTheIssues.org. And LePage has been
more unpopular than popular for most of his term.
But Cutler hasn’t dropped out of the race, and not all of his votes will go to Michaud. FiveThirtyEight is
estimating that he’ll get half as many votes as he would had he not semi-dropped out. With
LePage winning a greater share of Republicans than Michaud is Democrats, Michaud is only a 57 percent favorite.
In
Massachusetts, Republican Charlie Baker has an 86
percent chance to defeat Democrat Martha Coakley. Yes, this is the same
Coakley who lost to Scott Brown in the special Senate election in 2010.
Whether Coakley blew this race is an open question. Her favorable
rating — 42 percent favorable vs. 47 percent unfavorable, according to
the most recent
Western New England University (WNEU) poll — didn’t help.
What cannot be debated is that Massachusetts has a history of
electing relatively moderate Republicans as a check on its liberal
legislature. Before Democratic Gov. Deval Patrick was elected in 2006,
there hadn’t been a Democrat elected governor of Massachusetts since
Michael Dukakis in 1986.
Baker has run a fairly good campaign. He has spent a
ton of money on television
and is well liked by Massachusetts’s voters. In the WNEU survey,
Baker’s favorable rating was 52 percent compared to an unfavorable
rating of just 27 percent. That’s great for any politician in any state
these days.
Next up:
Rhode Island, where the picture is a lot
less clear. FiveThirtyEight has Democrat Gina Raimondo as a 75 percent
favorite because she has led Republican Allan Fung in every poll taken
of the race, but there have been very few public polls conducted
compared to other competitive races. The last live telephone poll by
Brown University had Raimondo ahead 38 percent to 37.4 percent for Fung,
with independent Bob Healey at 11.8 percent.
While it would be easy to assume the Democrat can’t lose in Rhode
Island given Democrats’ dominance of the state in presidential
elections, it’s important to realize how
unique Rhode Island’s politics are. It is the
least polarized state in the union
with plenty of liberal Republicans (think Lincoln Chafee) and
conservative Democrats. No Democrat has been elected governor since
1992.
Raimondo is seen
as a moderate. She has failed to pull together the Democratic base after a hard-fought primary. She is winning 26 percentage points
less of the Democratic base than Fung is winning of the Republican base. Raimondo has also been
outspent in the general election. Raimondo is the favorite, but it’s easy seeing either of these candidates winning.
Wrapping up our tour of New England, the
Connecticut
gubernatorial race is perhaps the closest in the country.
FiveThirtyEight has Democratic Gov. Dan Malloy with a 56 percent chance
of holding off Republican Tom Foley. It’s nearly a coin flip. In a
rematch of the same race four years ago, Foley and Malloy have traded
polling leads all campaign. Malloy won in 2010 by just 0.5 percentage
points, nearly identical to his 0.6 percentage-point lead right now.
Before Malloy, Connecticut, like Massachusetts, hadn’t elected a
Democrat governor since 1986.
The reason Malloy is in trouble is simple: the economy.
Per Gallup,
Connecticut residents rank far below the national average in confidence
in the economy — they’re less likely than to think that it’s a good
time to get a job and that taxes are at the proper level, and less
likely to be satisfied with the state or city they live in. According to
a
Quinnipiac University poll
taken in September, Foley had a double-digit lead on Malloy on the
question of who was best to handle jobs and the economy, government
spending and taxes.
Will the state’s Democratic lean be enough to drag Malloy across the
finish line? We can’t be sure. Foley’s favorable ratings have not been
great, but they are much better than Malloy’s. The incumbent has
consistently had a higher unfavorable rating than favorable rating.
The South
I’ve written about
Florida twice before.
The story has been the same throughout campaign season. Voters dislike
both candidates — former Republican governor turned Democrat Charlie
Crist and current Republican Gov. Rick Scott. Both candidates’ net
favorable ratings (favorable rating minus unfavorable rating) have been
negative for most of their campaigns. The race may be remembered more
for the fact that it features the two
most disliked gubernatorial candidates over the past decade than for any particular policy or issue.
Quinnipiac has found that voters think neither candidate is trustworthy and that they say Scott
doesn’t care about people
like them. Scott was able to close an early deficit in the polls by
vastly outspending Crist; more than $100 million total has been
spent on the race so far. Yet the recent gap in spending between the two sides hasn’t been nearly as pronounced
as it was earlier.
Florida voters have to choose one of these guys. FiveThirtyEight
thinks Crist is slightly more likely to be that guy; he has a 60 percent
chance of winning.
The Midwest
Earlier this year, there was an anti-incumbent mood in the Midwest.
Three governors — Republican Rick Snyder of Michigan, Republican Scott
Walker of Wisconsin and Democrat Pat Quinn of Illinois — looked like
they might lose earlier in the cycle. Now, all three are favorites.
In
Michigan, Snyder was elected four years ago as
one tough nerd,
someone who would provide an economic stimulus to a state that badly
needed it. But voters aren’t convinced the economy has improved.
According to Gallup, Michigan residents are far less likely to have confidence in their state’s economy than the average voter nationwide.
Democratic challenger Mark Schauer has
tried to leverage that angst
to his advantage. He has pointed out that the governor’s policies have
not resulted in rising job growth. Snyder contends that the Michigan has
grown jobs, if slowly, under his administration and that lowering taxes
helped to keep the economy afloat in a state that was hard hit by the
2008 recession.
Voters seem more likely than not to give Snyder a second term. According
to EPIC-MRA,
most voters think the state is headed in the right direction and have a
more favorable view of Snyder than Schauer. The race should be close;
FiveThirtyEight projects Snyder to win by less than 2 percentage points.
That is good enough to be a 75 percent favorite.
Gov. Scott Walker faces his third election in
Wisconsin
in the past four years. He’s loved by Republicans and hated by
Democrats. There was some belief that an investigation of the Walker
campaign’s
possibly illegal coordination with outside groups might damage the incumbent’s prospects, but it doesn’t appear to have moved opinion much.
Walker is viewed the same way by Wisconsinites as he has always been. According to the
Marquette Law School Poll,
which has used a likely voter sample all year, Walker hasn’t ever had
an approval rating above 51 percent or below 47 percent among registered
voters. Not surprisingly, his polling numbers against Democrat Mary
Burke have been more consistent than sappy moments on “Full House.” He
has led by an average of 3.7 percentage points over Burke among likely
voters in polling taken this year by Marquette. FiveThirtyEight projects
Walker to win by 2.6 percentage points.
Burke will need the polls to be wrong to win. Marquette’s most recent
survey found that a majority of voters thought the state was headed in
the right direction and that Walker was up 7 percentage points among
likely voters. That may be overstating Walker’s lead, though it’s
doubtful the poll is off by enough for Burke to win. Walker is a 75
percent favorite.
Quinn, of Illinois, looked to be in the most danger of these three incumbents. My polling-based
analysis in early summer had him with a 25 percent chance to beat Republican Bruce Rauner. At
the time,
however, I warned that Quinn probably had a better shot than early
polls suggested. Quinn is a Democratic governor in a Democratic state.
He won in 2010 despite
an approval rating of 40 percent (at best) and with only about 15 percent of voters saying the state was heading in the right direction.
This year, Quinn’s
approval rating
is again between 35 percent and 40 percent. And again, he looks like he
may win. His campaign has somewhat successfully painted Rauner as an
out-of-touch millionaire. According to a recent
Chicago Tribune poll,
voters are more likely to say Quinn is in touch with people like them.
They also view him as more honest than Rauner, even if they think Rauner
can better handle the economy.
The fight between an incumbent people don’t approve of and a
challenger with his own flaws has resulted in a close race, but one in
which Quinn is a favorite. The FiveThirtyEight model gives him a 66
percent chance of winning.
The Plains States
There’s really only one competitive gubernatorial race on the Great Plains:
Kansas.
Republican Gov. Sam Brownback is in trouble for three related
reasons: a Republican party split, economic woes and education. For as
long as most of us have been alive, Kansas has
leaned to the right, practicing its own brand of moderate Republicanism. Brownback, though, has governed as a
pure conservative.
It has hurt him; Democrat Paul Davis has been endorsed by
scores of moderate Republicans upset
by cuts to education necessitated by Brownback’s
large tax cuts.
According to SurveyUSA,
taxes and education remain among the most important issues to voters in
2014. The result has been disenchanted Republicans. The share of
registered Republicans in Kansas was 9 percentage points higher than the
share of
self-identified Republicans, according the latest
Marist College poll. Many of these Republicans now identify as independent, a group Davis is winning by a 26-point margin.
Although polls have narrowed from a few months ago, most surveys have
Davis riding Republican discontent to a lead. He’s an 82 percent
favorite.
The West
The issues facing Democratic Gov. John Hickenlooper in
Colorado are considerably different. Voters are not upset with the economy; they’re upset about social issues. After the
2012 mass shooting in Aurora,
Hickenlooper, along with a Democratic legislature, enacted tough
gun-control laws. Voters didn’t like that. They turned out two
Democratic state senators in a recall in 2013, and voters still
disapprove of Hickenlooper’s handling of gun control, according to
Quinnipiac.
Likewise, Coloradans are upset with Hickenlooper over his stance on
the death penalty. Voters in the state are overwhelmingly in favor of
the death penalty, but Hickenlooper
turned against it while in office. Hickenlooper’s Republican challenger, Bob Beauprez, and his allies have emphasized Hickenlooper’s
changed position in television ads.
Yet even in
his worst polls,
Hickenlooper is liked by as many voters as dislike him. Polls have
shown that he is running a few percentage points ahead of Democratic
Sen. Mark Udall. That could make the difference in a tight race.
Although FiveThirtyEight’s model forecasts Udall losing, it has
Hickenlooper ahead by 0.5 percentage points and winning 57 percent of
the time.
Alaska is perhaps the strangest race of the cycle. As I
discussed previously,
Republican Gov. Sean Parnell is being challenged by a unity ticket of
former Republican turned independent Bill Walker and former 2014
Democratic gubernatorial nominee Byron Mallott. In other words, there is
no Democratic nominee for governor. To make matters even stranger,
former governor and vice presidential nominee Sarah Palin has
endorsed Walker and not her former running mate, Parnell. Why?
It has a lot to do with taxes and energy prices. Oil prices continue
to fall at a rapid pace, which is a big deal in Alaska. This
lead to statewide deficits. Those have been made worse, Walker would argue, by the tax cuts on oil companies drilling in Alaska, which
Parnell signed into law.
This reversed the taxes Palin had signed into law when she was
governor. Walker has argued that the state must cut spending even more
than it has under the Parnell administration to erase the deficits.
Parnell has argued that Walker and his team will cut education funding.
This back and forth has left Walker with a slight advantage. FiveThirtyEight gives him a 61 percent chance of winning. Given
the much-discussed lack of accurate polling in Alaska and the
long time to count ballots, the winner of this race may not be known for days or weeks to come.
Bottom line
There are a lot of tight races. Five seats are forecasted to flip
from Republican to Democratic or independent control: Alaska, Florida,
Kansas, Maine and Pennsylvania. Two seats are projected to flip from
Democratic to Republican control: Arkansas and Massachusetts.
If all the FiveThirtyEight favorites win, Republicans will have 26
governorships in 2015, Democrats will have 23 and independents will have
one.
CORRECTION (Nov. 3, 1:10 p.m.): A previous version
of this article incorrectly said no Democrat had been elected governor
of Rhode Island since 1990. A Democrat was elected in 1992.
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